Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum

INRI

INRI is an acronym of the Latin inscription IESVS·NAZARENVS·REX·IVDÆORVM (Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum), which translates to English as "Jesus the Nazarene (Galilean), King of the Jews (Judeans)". The Greek equivalent of this phrase, Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων (Iesous ho Nazoraios ho Basileus ton Ioudaion), appears in the New Testament of the Christian Bible in the Gospel of John (19:19). Each of the other accounts of Jesus' death has a slightly different version for the inscription on Jesus' cross: Matthew (27:37), "This is Jesus, the King of the Jews" Mark (15:26), "The King of the Jews" and Luke (23:38), "This is the King of the Jews." John and Luke state it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, while Matthew and Mark describe it as the charge for crucifying Jesus. Luke states that it was a statement hung above Jesus's head. Since John's form is the most complete it is the one that is usually found on depictions of the Crucifixion of Jesus.

In the Gospel of John (19:19-20), the inscription is explained:

According to all four Gospels, Pilate challenged Jesus to deny that he was the "King of the Jews" and Jesus did not deny the accusation.

According to John, the chief priests asked Pilate to change the inscription so that it did not say "the King of the Jews", but rather, "This man said he was the King of the Jews", but Pilate refused to change it, saying, "What I have written, I have written". (John 19:20-22)

Western Christianity

Within Western Christianity, many crucifixes and other depictions of the crucifixion of Jesus include a stylized plaque or parchment, called a titulus, or title, bearing only the Latin letters INRI, occasionally carved directly into the cross and usually just above the head of Jesus.

Devotional enthusiasm greeted the discovery by Cardinal Pedro González de Mendoza in 1492 of what was acclaimed as the actual tablet, said to have been brought to Rome by Saint Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine.

One traditional alchemy-influenced alternative interpretation of INRI is the Latin phrase IGNE NATURA RENOVATUR INTEGRA, meaning approximately "By fire, nature is restored and made fresh" (see List of Latin phrases). Some opponents of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) claimed that they made INRI stand for IUSTUM NECARE REGES IMPIOS, Latin for "It is just to kill impious kings." Further interpretations include INTRA NOBIS REGNUM IEHOVA, which roughly means “The Kingdom of God is within us”.

A Hebrew version of the phrase as reconstructed by Christian Hebraists is ישוע הנצרי מלך היהודים (Yeshua HaNazri Melekh HaYehudim).

Eastern Christianity

In the East (both Eastern Catholics and Eastern Orthodox) use the Greek letters INBI, based on the Greek version of the inscription, Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Some representations change the title to "ΙΝΒΚ" ὁ Bασιλεὺς τοῦ κόσμου ("The King of the World"), or to ὁ Bασιλεὺς τῆς Δόξης ("The King of Glory"), not implying that this was really what was written but reflecting the tradition that icons depict the spiritual reality rather than the physical reality. Some other Eastern Orthodox churches (such as the Romanian Orthodox Church) use the Latin version, INRI, which is the same to the abbreviation of the Romanian equivalent. The Russian Orthodox Church uses ІНЦІ (the Church Slavonic equivalent of INBI) or the abbreviation Царь Славы ("King of Glory").

Versions

	Mark	Luke	Matthew	John
Verse	Mk 15:26	Lk 23:38	Mt 27:37	Jn 19:19-20
Greek Inscription	ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων	ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος	οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων	Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
English translation	The King of the Jews	This is the King of the Jews	This is Jesus, the King of the Jews	Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews
Languages	[none specified]	Greek, Latin, Hebrew	[none specified]	Hebrew, Latin, Greek
Full verse in KJV	And the superscription of His accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.	And a superscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.	And set up over His head His accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS	And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.

See also

References

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